Rivista del Diritto Commerciale e del diritto generale delle Obbligazioni

Abstract: Giovanni Battista Ferri’s studies on liability in civil law – Giovanni Battista Ferri’s studies on liability in civil law represent an aspect of the author’s work that deserves further study; in them, in fact, he has developed reconstructive proposals that anticipated later doctrinal theories, as is particularly evident from his reading of Article 2059 of the Civil Code. Moreover, the theory of the cause as an individual economic function provided the theoretical framework that would allow, after decades, an innovative approach to the problem of compensation for non-pecuniary damage from breach of contract    

Sommario: 1. La responsabilità di diritto civile: un aspetto (a torto) trascurato del pensiero di Giovanni Battista Ferri. – 2. La costruzione dell’oggetto del diritto della personalità e la proposta di interpretazione ‘razionale’ dell’art. 2059 c.c. – 3. Una via dogmatica, e sistematica, alla costituzionalizzazione del diritto privato. – 4. La causa come funzione economico individuale ed il danno non patrimoniale da inadempimento – - 5. Conclusioni.

Keywords: Liability in civil law — Breach of contract — Non-pecuniary damage.

Abstract: On the individual power-duty of inspection of the non-executive director of limited liability companies (s.r.l.) – This essay aims at verifying whether, in limited liability companies (s.r.l.) that do not adopt the joint/several management system (amministrazione congiunta/disgiunta), the non-executive director has an individual power-duty to inspect or whether the relevant information should only be acquired by the board of directors acting as a collegial body. The analysis aims at investigating whether the rules concerning the limited liability companies may lead to different interpretations from those related to joint-stock companies, also in light of the so called Codice della Crisi d’Impresa e dell’Insolvenza, which has extended the application of Article 2381 of the Italian Civil Code to limited liability companies.  

Sommario: 1. Oggetto. – 2. Il potere-dovere di ispezione degli amministratori nelle società per azioni, prima e dopo la riforma del diritto societario del 2003 – 3. Il potere-dovere di ispezione degli amministratori nelle s.r.l.. La (ir)rilevanza del diritto di informativa del socio ai fini dell’attribuzione di un potere-dovere individuale all’amministratore non delegato di s.r.l. – 4. Il potere-dovere individuale di ispezione in funzione sostitutiva del collegio sindacale e a tutela dei soci di minoranza. Critica. – 5. I poteri degli amministratori e il principio di “collegialità” nelle s.r.l. – 6. Il filtro di “compatibilità” ai fini dell’applicazione dell’art. 2381 cod. civ. e i diversi “modelli” di s.r.l.

Keywords: limited liability companies — non executive director — individual powers-duties — inspection — information — article 2381 of the Italian Civil Code.

Abstract: On the de facto supercompany: what about the de facto holding? – The de facto supercompany has long been studied due to the various concerns this institute raises. In particular, it is very similar with de facto holding company causing a risk of confusion between them. Doctrine and jurisprudence tried to define the perimeter of each institute and the Supreme Court is recently paying a lot of attention to it. Nonetheless, a recent Supreme Court decision raises serious concerns on the differences between de facto holding company and supercompany. This essay, after examining the legal context, making use of relevant case law and doctrine, criticizes the decision and questions the consequences of the aforementioned distinction. Finally, some insights into the studied topic are proposed.  

Sommario: 1. Il caso. – 2. La normativa di riferimento. – 3. I precedenti giurisprudenziali … e una prima conclusione – 4. La dottrina. – 5. Il commento.  

Keywords: De facto supercompany — De facto holding — Proof — Differences — Liquidation procedure.

Abstract: On contractual freedom and company law – Text of a speech at a conference for the 20 years of the reform of joint-stock company law, in which various lines of trend are examined for the expansion or restriction of the spaces allowed to private individuals in shaping the organization of companies. The essay concludes with a summary reference to the theoretical problem of relations with the general contract system.  

Sommario: 1. Premessa. – 2. Autonomia e mercato. – 3. Il «problema» della società a responsabilità limitata. – 4. Le prospettive per la società per azioni. – 5. Una questione dogmatica.  

Keywords: Contractual Freedom and Companies — Organizational Rules and Contract — Mandatory Rules.

Abstract: Duties of the debtor-entrepreneur face to insolvency – This paper aims at analysing the duties of the debtor-entrepreneur into the system of the Codice della crisi d’impresa e dell’insolvenza. More in detail, the focus concerns the duty of the company directors to organise the assets of the enterprise and to manage it, from the vicinity of insolvency to the insolvency itself, with different levels of attention to the interest of the creditors related to the deepening of the crisis or the insolvency.  

Sommario: 1. Premessa. Doveri gestori e organizzativi del debitore-imprenditore (e degli amministratori di società) nel Codice della crisi. – 2. Quadro normativo di riferimento. – 2.1. Doveri di buona fede e correttezza (art. 4). – 2.2. Adeguatezza degli assetti (art. 3). – 3. Rilievo giuridico delle diverse tipologie di “crisi” previste dal Codice. – 4. Importanza della continuità aziendale, attiva e passiva. – 5. Doveri organizzativi del debitore-imprenditore e tempestiva emersione della crisi. – 6. Doveri gestori del debitore-imprenditore nelle diverse “crisi” d’impresa. – 7. Conclusioni. Doveri di gestione conservativa “attenuata” del debitore-imprenditore in crisi e rilievo giuridico dei “sacrifici” dei creditori  

Keywords: insolvency — crisis — director duties — business continuity — going concern.

Abstract: Between “liquidazione della quota” e “quota di liquidazione” in two-partner partnerships – The paper aims to identify the applicable law in partnerships with only two partners, when one of them dies, withdraws or is excluded and new partners are not found. More specifically, the research question addressed here is whether the former partner or his heirs are entitled to a payment under article 2289 of the Italian Civil Code or to take part in the dissolution and liquidation of the partnership

Sommario: 1. Una situazione comune e un problema interpretativo. – 2. Le diverse impostazioni tradizionali: l’orientamento minoritario. – 2.1. (Segue): l’orientamento maggioritario. – 3. L’odierna stabilità dell’orientamento dominante. – 4. Le ragioni che rendono l’orientamento dominante non condivisibile.– 5. Gli argomenti che convalidano l’orientamento minoritario. – 6. Alcune osservazioni finali.  

Keywords: Two partners — Death — Withdrawal — Exclusion — Dissolution of partnership — Payment to former partner — Liquidation of partnership — Partnership.